A toolbox for garden governance

A substantial fraction of the open space in (peri-) urban and rural areas is covered by domestic gardens which support the delivery of multiple ecosystem services. Although individually they may look insignificant, the aggregation of domestic gardens and of gardening actions can be significant. Referring to ‘the tyranny of small decisions’, we launch the concept of a ‘resource by small gardening actions’: the positive cumulative outcome of individual garden owners adopting pro-environmental gardening practices. Using qualitative research, we gained a thorough insight into the barriers and levers related to the development of domestic gardens as a ‘resource by small gardening actions’. By combining the data from expert interviews with a design workshop addressing garden and landscape architects, and focus groups with private garden owners, we identified eight barriers and nine levers. These levers are part of a ‘mix and match’ toolbox, allowing the development of tailor-made strategies for garden governance. These insights increase the understanding on if and how private actors and their properties could become part of policy plans to support ecosystem services. This adds to the global understanding of the strategic value of daily-life landscapes that exist all over the world.     

Modeling and supporting task-oriented group processes: Purposeful complex adaptive systems and Evolutionary Systems Design

Evolutionary Systems Design (ESD) is a universal general problem solving, formal modeling, design framework for purposeful complex adaptive systems (PCAS) and processes, i.e., task-oriented group processes. These processes constitute policy making, group decision, negotiation, and multiagent problem solving with human and/or artificial agents. ESD is also a framework for computer group support systems (GSS) that support these processes. The ESD general framework can be applied to define and solve specific problems. In this article the ESD framework is presented and illustrated by example. The article provides background for ESD computer implementations discussed in two other related articles (Lewis and Shakun 1996; Bui and Shakun 1996).     

古籍电子化产品的用字问题

古籍电子化是一个非常复杂的跨学科问题。网上《千字文》中的种种错别字现象，反映出当前古籍电子化产品用字问题的严重性。必须引起高度重视，认真分析原因，采取相应措施。应遵守国家现有的语文政策，建立健全必要的规章制度，科学管理，千方百计，努力提高古籍电子化产品的用字水平，使国家通用语言文字在社会生活中更好地发挥作用。     

传统经济增长方式导致环境危机的经济学分析

环境资源是一种公共资源,传统经济增长方式带来了严重的环境污染问题,环境问题严重制约着我国经济增长和发展,因此传统的数量型经济增长方式已难以为继,转变现有的经济增长方式势在必行。从稀缺、欲望、市场机制和资源配置等经济学的重要范畴及其相互关系分析它们与资源环境危机之间的必然逻辑关系,结果表明传统经济学在基础层面上不适合指导人们的经济活动,应当建立新的经济学,把环境资源的稀缺性引入经济系统中,使其逐渐成为经济系统的内生变量,以拓宽经济学的研究视野。     

基于共生理论福建省乡村旅游综合体构建研究

针对福建省乡村旅游目前发展中存在的问题,如何提升乡村旅游的综合效益显得尤为重要。鉴于此,文章基于共生理论的视角,将乡村旅游综合体作为乡村旅游的发展方向,提出建立共生机制,通过完善环境诱导机制,强化动力机制,减缓阻尼机制,来构建乡村旅游综合体,促进各共生单元的合作发展,形成乡村旅游综合体互惠共生一体化模式,并最终提升乡村旅游的综合效益。     

伦理视角下浅析《苏菲的选择》中苏菲的悲剧命运

文学伦理批评理论认为“文学是特定历史阶段伦理观念和道德生活的独特表现形式,文学在本质上是伦理的艺术”。从文学伦理的角度出发,分析《苏菲的选择》中女主人公苏菲在历史的伦理环境与父亲、与儿女在伦理活动中伦理结的形成过程,能让人们看到苏菲悲剧命运的根源、纳粹罪恶的深重,从而激发了人类对复杂人性的思考,号召人们心向美好,普爱众生。     

供应链演化的内涵及其机制研究

供应链是由关联企业群体组成的复杂经济系统,其演化是一个由自组织与环境适应混合作用的系统演化过程。衡量供应链状态改变的标准是链中的核心企业。供应链演化包括两个层次:即供应链与环境相互作用和供应链内部自组织作用;创新是演化的内在动力,学习、知识信息共享、要素正常流动等都起着很重要作用;差异、选择、维持是供应链演化中主体间相互作用的根本机制。     

分支水平井产能公式的可信度研究

本文仔细研究了分支水平井产能公式的架构过程,发现存在两处理论缺陷和三次数学近似。建议深入探究产能公式的架构过程,寻找合理有效的方法以革除或弥补理论缺陷。     

复杂视域中的适应性效率与后危机时代的经济发展

全球金融危机凸显出经济的复杂性本质,人们终于认识到"适应性效率"而非"资源配置效率"才是长期经济增长的关键。基于复杂性思想,本文系统梳理了诺思适应性效率理论并弥补了其不足,并据此对后危机时代的经济发展提出了对策。     

Fuller Employment with Uptrending Prices: The 1968 Economic Report

When used in those spheres of life where attaching a price tag or making an economic calculus is impossible or loses any meaning, markets usually under perform and disappoint. In addition to empirical shortcomings of markets, the unrealistic theoretical assumption and poor predictive and explanatory value of neoclassical equilibrium theory provides fertile ground for critics of the institution of markets. Complexity theory provides a theoretical framework that enables us to analyze the role of markets from a radically different perspective than that offered by neoclassical equilibrium theory and, therefore, to reach very different conclusions about the role of markets in industrialized economies.